Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolated Nanoparticles Based on Poly (Acrylic Acid) and Algal Cell Wall Biopolymers for the Delivery of the Receptor Binding Domain from SARS-CoV-2.

Publication date: Jul 02, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic required great efforts to develop efficient vaccines in a short period of time. However, innovative vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus are needed to achieve broad immune protection against variants of concern. Polymeric-based particles can lead to innovative vaccines, serving as stable, safe and immunostimulatory antigen delivery systems. In this work, polymeric-based particles called thiolated PAA/Schizo were developed. Poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) was thiolated with cysteine ethyl ester and crosslinked with a Schizochytrium sp. cell wall fraction under an inverse emulsion approach. Particles showed a hydrodynamic diameter of 313 +/- 38 nm and negative Zeta potential. FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of coconut oil in thiolated PAA/Schizo particles, which, along with the microalgae, could contribute to their biocompatibility and bioactive properties. TGA analysis suggested strong interactions between the thiolated PAA/Schizo components. In vitro assessment revealed that thiolated particles have a higher mucoadhesiveness when compared with non-thiolated particles. Cell-based assays revealed that thiolated particles are not cytotoxic and, importantly, increase TNF-α secretion in murine dendritic cells. Moreover, immunization assays revealed that thiolated PAA/Schizo particles induced a humoral response with a more balanced IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. Therefore, thiolated PAA/Schizo particles are deemed a promising delivery system whose evaluation in vaccine prototypes is guaranteed.

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Concepts	Keywords
Acrylic	adjuvant
Biocompatibility	antigen carrier
Coconut	mucoadhesion
Pandemic	poly (acrylic acid)
Vaccine	thiomer

Semantics

Type	Source	Name
drug	DRUGBANK	Acrylic Acid
disease	MESH	COVID-19 pandemic
disease	VO	efficient
disease	VO	time
drug	DRUGBANK	Peracetic acid
drug	DRUGBANK	L-Cysteine
drug	DRUGBANK	Coconut oil
disease	IDO	cell
disease	VO	immunization
disease	VO	vaccine
disease	MESH	Zona
disease	VO	vaccination
disease	MESH	infectious diseases
disease	VO	injection
disease	IDO	emerging pathogen
drug	DRUGBANK	Coenzyme M
disease	VO	Fungi
disease	IDO	production
disease	IDO	host
pathway	REACTOME	Immune System
drug	DRUGBANK	Water
disease	IDO	blood
disease	VO	report
drug	DRUGBANK	Dextrose unspecified form
disease	IDO	colony
disease	VO	device
disease	VO	USA
drug	DRUGBANK	Phosphate ion
drug	DRUGBANK	Dimethyl sulfoxide
drug	DRUGBANK	Acetate ion
drug	DRUGBANK	Ethanol
disease	VO	company
drug	DRUGBANK	Tretamine
drug	DRUGBANK	Copper
drug	DRUGBANK	Nitrogen
disease	VO	efficiency
disease	VO	viability
drug	DRUGBANK	Cycloserine
drug	DRUGBANK	Amino acids
drug	DRUGBANK	L-Glutamine
drug	DRUGBANK	Streptomycin
drug	DRUGBANK	Hydrogen peroxide
disease	IDO	assay
drug	DRUGBANK	Sodium lauryl sulfate
disease	VO	immunized
disease	VO	volume
drug	DRUGBANK	Carbonate ion
drug	DRUGBANK	Sodium bicarbonate
disease	VO	ANOVA
drug	DRUGBANK	Albendazole
disease	VO	effective
drug	DRUGBANK	L-Valine
drug	DRUGBANK	Omega-3 fatty acids
disease	IDO	process
disease	MESH	weight loss
disease	IDO	replication
disease	MESH	infection
disease	MESH	death
pathway	KEGG	Apoptosis
disease	MESH	acute phase response
drug	DRUGBANK	Polyethylene glycol
drug	DRUGBANK	Angiotensin II
drug	DRUGBANK	Azelaic acid
disease	VO	subcutaneous route
disease	VO	dose
disease	VO	vaccinated
disease	IDO	pathogen
disease	IDO	immune response
disease	MESH	inflammation
drug	DRUGBANK	Squalene
drug	DRUGBANK	Hyaluronic acid
drug	DRUGBANK	Palmitic Acid
disease	MESH	influenza
disease	VO	Viruses
disease	VO	Pal
drug	DRUGBANK	Famotidine
drug	DRUGBANK	Clarithromycin
drug	DRUGBANK	Poloxamer 188
drug	DRUGBANK	Paclitaxel
drug	DRUGBANK	Silicon
drug	DRUGBANK	Trinitrotoluene
drug	DRUGBANK	Gold
drug	DRUGBANK	Zinc oxide
drug	DRUGBANK	Cyanocobalamin
drug	DRUGBANK	Nicotine
drug	DRUGBANK	Gelatin
disease	VO	vaccine adjuvant
drug	DRUGBANK	(S)-Des-Me-Ampa
disease	MESH	Immune System Disease
drug	DRUGBANK	Isoxaflutole
drug	DRUGBANK	Doconexent

Original Article

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