Inter- and intra-individual differences regarding SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccination in pediatric kidney transplant recipients: An observational study.

Publication date: Jul 05, 2024

In kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), viral infection can lead to antibody and/or T-cell mediated rejection, resulting in kidney transplant dysfunction. Therefore, it is critical to prevent infections. However, KTRs exhibit suboptimal responses to SARS-CoV-2 and/or influenza vaccines, partly due to immunosuppressant therapy. Inter- and intra-individual differences in the biological responses to vaccines may also affect patients’ antibody production ability. This study included KTRs who received an messenger RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (3 doses), and an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (1 or 2 doses). We measured the patients’ total antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen, and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers against influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria. Five patients were eligible for this study. Of these 5 KTRs, two produced anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers to a seroprotective level, and also produced HI titers against A/H1N1 to a seroprotective level. Another 2 KTRs did not produce seroprotective anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers, but produced seroprotective HI titers against A/H1N1. The remaining KTR produced a seroprotective anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer, but did not produce a seroprotective HI titer against A/H1N1. The 2 KTRs who did not produce seroprotective anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers following vaccination, later developed COVID-19, and this infection increased their titers over the seroprotective level. This study demonstrated that inter- and intra-individual differences in biological responses to vaccines should be considered in pediatric KTRs, in addition to immunosuppressant effects. Personalized regimens, such as augmented or booster doses of vaccines, could potentially improve the vaccination efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza.

Concepts Keywords
Covid Adolescent
Inactivated Antibodies, Viral
Kidney Antibodies, Viral
Therapy Child
Vaccines COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccines
Female
Humans
Influenza Vaccines
Influenza Vaccines
Influenza, Human
Kidney Transplantation
Male
SARS-CoV-2
Transplant Recipients
Vaccination

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH influenza
disease VO vaccination
disease MESH viral infection
disease IDO cell
disease MESH infections
disease VO influenza vaccines
disease VO vaccine
pathway KEGG Influenza A
disease VO antibody titer
disease VO titer
disease MESH COVID-19
disease IDO infection
drug DRUGBANK Influenza A virus
disease VO H1N1 subtype

Original Article

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