Intranasally Inoculated SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Combined with Mucoadhesive Polymer Induces Broad and Long-Lasting Immunity.

ingentiumby ingentium

In Discovery Literature.

Publication date: Jul 18, 2024

Current mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 effectively induce systemic and cell-mediated immunity and prevent severe disease. However, they do not induce mucosal immunity that targets the primary route of respiratory infection, and their protective effects wane after a few months. Intranasal vaccines have some advantages, including their non-invasiveness and the additional ability to activate mucosal immunity. In this study, we aimed to explore the effectiveness of an intranasally inoculated spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 mixed with a carboxy-vinyl polymer (S-CVP), a viscous agent. Intranasally inoculated S-CVP strongly induced antigen-specific IgG, including neutralizing antibodies, in the mucosal epithelium and serum and cellular immunity compared to the spike protein mixed with aluminum potassium sulfate. Furthermore, IgA production was detected only with S-CVP vaccination. S-CVP-inoculation in mice significantly suppressed the viral load and inflammation in the lung and protected mice against SARS-CoV-2 challenges, including an early circulating strain and the Omicron BA. 1 variant in a manner dependent on CD8 cells and monocytes/neutrophils. Surprisingly, high antibody responses and protective effects against multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron BA. 5, persisted for at least 15 months after the S-CVP immunization. Hence, we propose intranasal inoculation with S-CVP as a promising vaccine strategy against SARS-CoV-2.

Open Access PDF

Concepts Keywords
Advantages carboxy-vinyl polymer (CVP)
Carboxy intranasal inoculation
Months mucoadhesive polymer
Potassium SARS-CoV-2 surface antigen
Vaccines

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH infection
disease VO effectiveness
drug DRUGBANK Aluminium
drug DRUGBANK Potassium sulfate
disease IDO production
disease VO vaccination
disease MESH inflammation
disease VO immunization
disease VO vaccine
disease IDO cell
disease MESH COVID 19
disease MESH breakthrough infections
disease VO effective
disease VO mucosal immune response
disease MESH respiratory infections
drug DRUGBANK Coenzyme M
disease VO intranasal vaccination
disease VO injection
disease MESH infectious diseases
disease MESH influenza
disease MESH hepatitis
drug DRUGBANK Acrylic Acid
drug DRUGBANK Aspartame
disease VO volume
disease VO dose
drug DRUGBANK Carbonate ion
drug DRUGBANK Human Serum Albumin
drug DRUGBANK Acetic acid
disease VO USA
disease IDO infectious disease
drug DRUGBANK Formaldehyde
drug DRUGBANK Gentian violet cation
disease VO antibody titer
disease IDO assay
disease VO manufacturer
disease MESH viral infection
disease IDO blood
disease IDO process
drug DRUGBANK Fluorescein
disease VO titer
drug DRUGBANK Hydrogen peroxide
disease VO ANOVA
disease VO immunized
disease VO vaccinated
disease MESH weight loss
drug DRUGBANK Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
disease MESH Lung Inflammation
drug DRUGBANK Filgrastim
disease VO URE
disease IDO host
disease VO efficient
disease IDO immune response
disease VO Primates
disease IDO infectivity
drug DRUGBANK Troleandomycin
disease VO report
disease MESH Bell’s palsy
disease MESH cholera
disease VO Optaflu
drug DRUGBANK Azelaic acid
disease MESH vaccinia
disease VO Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
drug DRUGBANK Angiotensin II
disease MESH cytokine storm
disease VO influenza vaccines
disease VO Enterovirus vaccine
disease MESH herpes simplex
disease MESH severe acute respiratory syndrome

Original Article

(Visited 1 times, 1 visits today)