Publication date: Jul 19, 2024
Currently approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been proven effective in protecting against severe COVID-19; however, they show variable efficacy against symptomatic infection and disease transmission. We studied the breakthrough COVID-19 infection (BTI) after booster vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in people living with HIV (PWH). This was a retrospective, single-center, descriptive cohort study involving PWH, who were followed in the HIV Clinic of “Attikon” University Hospital in Athens, Greece. A BTI was defined as a case of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 occurring at least 14 days after the third (booster) vaccine dose. We studied 733 PWH [males: 89%, mean age: 45. 2 +/- 11. 3 years, mean BMI: 26. 1 +/- 4. 1, HIV stage at diagnosis (CDC classification): A/B/C = 80/9/11%, MSM: 72. 6%] with well-controlled HIV infection. At least one comorbidity was recorded in 54% of cases. A history of ≥1 vaccination was reported by 90%, with 75% having been vaccinated with ≥3 vaccines. Four hundred and two (55%) PWH had a history of COVID-19 and 302 (41. 2%) had a BTI, with only 15 (3. 7%) needing hospitalization. Only one patient was admitted to the ICU, and no death was reported. Regarding BTI after booster dose, increased age (OR = 0. 97, 95% CI: 0. 96-0. 99, per 1-year increase), and COVID-19 infection prior to booster dose (OR = 0. 38, 95% CI: 0. 21-0. 68) were associated with a lower likelihood for BTI, whereas higher BMI (OR = 1. 04, 95% CI: 1. 01-1. 08) and MSM as a mode of HIV transmission were associated with increased risk (OR = 2. 59, 95% CI: 1. 47-4. 56). The incidence rate of total COVID-19 and BTI followed the epidemic curve of the general population, with the highest incidence recorded in June 2022. A significant proportion of PWH with well-controlled HIV infection experienced a BTI, with the majority of them having mild infection. These data, which include the period of Omicron variant predominance, confirm the importance of vaccination in the protection against severe COVID-19.
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| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Greece | booster dose |
| June | breakthrough infection |
| Males | COVID-19 |
| Vaccines | HIV infection |
| Omicron variant | |
| vaccines |
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | Breakthrough COVID-19 Infections |
| disease | VO | vaccination |
| disease | VO | effective |
| disease | MESH | COVID-19 |
| disease | MESH | infection |
| disease | VO | vaccine dose |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Dimethyl sulfone |
| disease | MESH | HIV infection |
| pathway | REACTOME | HIV Infection |
| disease | MESH | comorbidity |
| disease | IDO | history |
| disease | VO | vaccinated |
| disease | MESH | death |
| disease | VO | dose |
| disease | VO | population |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Coenzyme M |
| disease | MESH | AIDS |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Aminocaproic Acid |
| disease | MESH | breakthrough infection |
| disease | VO | vaccine |
| disease | VO | Advent |
| disease | MESH | immunocompromised patients |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Etoperidone |
| disease | VO | organization |
| disease | VO | time |
| disease | MESH | COPD |
| disease | MESH | Asthma |
| pathway | KEGG | Asthma |
| disease | MESH | Coronary artery disease |
| disease | MESH | Hypertension |
| disease | MESH | Dyslipidemia |
| disease | MESH | Autoimmune diseases |
| disease | MESH | hepatitis |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Pentaerythritol tetranitrate |
| disease | VO | age |