Effect of cyclosporin A on respiratory viral replication in fully differentiated ex vivo human airway epithelia.

Publication date: Oct 01, 2024

Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive drug used in transplant recipients, inhibits graft rejection by binding to cyclophilins and competitively inhibiting calcineurin. While concerns about respiratory infections in immunosuppressed patients exist, contradictory data emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting investigations into CsA’s impact on viral infections. This study explores CsA’s antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 1, Delta variants, and human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) using an ex vivo model of human airway epithelium (HAE). CsA exhibited a dose-dependent antiviral effect against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, reducing viral load over 10 days. However, no significant impact was observed against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron or HPIV3, indicating a virus-specific effect. At high concentrations, CsA was associated with an increase of IL-8 and a decrease of IFNλ expression in infected and noninfected HAE. This study highlights the complexity of CsA’s antiviral mechanisms, more likely involving intricate inflammatory pathways and interactions with specific viral proteins. The research provides novel insights into CsA’s effects on respiratory viruses, emphasizing the need for understanding drug-virus interactions in optimizing therapeutic approaches for transplant recipients and advancing knowledge on immunosuppressive treatments’ implications on respiratory viral infections. Limitations include the model’s inability to assess T lymphocyte activation, suggesting the necessity for further comprehensive studies to decipher the intricate dynamics of immunosuppressive treatments on respiratory viral infections.

Concepts Keywords
10days Antiviral Agents
Covid Antiviral Agents
Immunosuppressive Calcineurin inhibitor
Transplant COVID-19
Viral Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
HPIV3
Humans
Immunosuppressive Agents
Immunosuppressive Agents
Immunosuppressive treatments
Interferons
Interferons
Interleukin-8
Interleukin-8
Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human
Respiratory Mucosa
SARS-CoV-2
SARS‐CoV‐2
Transplantation
Viral Load
Virus Replication

Semantics

Type Source Name
drug DRUGBANK Ciclosporin
pathway KEGG Viral replication
disease MESH respiratory infections
disease MESH COVID-19 pandemic
disease MESH viral infections
disease VO dose
disease VO Viruses
disease MESH Parainfluenza
disease IDO replication

Original Article

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