Longevity of hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in adults vaccinated with an adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine.

Publication date: Sep 12, 2024

Hybrid immunity provides better protection against COVID-19 than vaccination or prior natural infection alone. It induces high magnitude and broadly cross-reactive neutralising anti-Spike IgG antibodies. However, it is not clear how long these potent antibodies last, especially in the context of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study and enrolled 20 adults who had received an adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine before a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We followed up the study participants for 390 days post the initial breakthrough infection. We assessed the longevity and cross-reactive breadth of serum antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron. The binding anti-Spike IgG antibodies remained within the reported putative levels for at least 360 days and were cross-neutralising against Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. During the follow up period, a median of one SARS-CoV-2 re-infection event was observed across the cohort, but none resulted in severe COVID-19. Moreover, the re-exposure events were associated with augmented anti-Spike and anti-RBD IgG antibody titres. This study confirms that hybrid immunity provides durable broadly cross-reactive antibody immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern for at least a year (360 days), and that it is further augment by SARS-CoV-2 re-exposure.

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Concepts Keywords
Adenovirus Breakthrough infection
Laboratory Hybrid immunity
Severe Longevity
Vaccinated SARS-CoV-2

Semantics

Type Source Name
drug DRUGBANK Tropicamide
disease MESH COVID-19
disease MESH infection
pathway REACTOME SARS-CoV-2 Infection
disease MESH breakthrough infection
disease MESH re-infection
disease MESH Infectious Diseases
pathway REACTOME Reproduction
disease IDO history
disease IDO assay
drug DRUGBANK Gold
drug DRUGBANK Coenzyme M

Original Article

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