Mechanistic exploration of COVlD-19 antiviral drug ritonavir on anaerobic digestion through experimental validation coupled with metagenomics analysis.

Mechanistic exploration of COVlD-19 antiviral drug ritonavir on anaerobic digestion through experimental validation coupled with metagenomics analysis.

Publication date: Nov 05, 2024

Aggregation of antiviral drugs (ATVs) in waste activated sludge (WAS) poses considerable environmental risk, so it is crucial to understand the behavior of these agents during WAS treatment. This study investigated the effects of ritonavir (RIT), an ATV used to treat human immunodeficiency virus infection and coronavirus disease 2019, on anaerobic digestion (AD) of WAS to reveal the mechanisms by which it interferes with anaerobic flora. The dosage influence results showed that methane production in AD of WAS decreased by 46. 56 % when RIT concentration was increased to 1000 μg/kg total suspended solids (TSS). The AD staging test revealed that RIT mainly stimulated microbial synthesis of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), limiting organic matter solubilization. At 500 μg/kg TSS, RIT decreased CHO and CHON levels in dissolved organic matter by 23. 12 % and 56. 68 %, respectively, significantly reducing substrate availability to microorganisms. Metagenomic analysis of microbial functional gene sets revealed that RIT had greater inhibitory effects on protein and amino acid metabolism than on carbohydrate metabolism. Under RIT stress, methanogens switched from hydrogenotrophic and acetotrophic methanogenesis to methylotrophic and acetotrophic methanogenesis.

Concepts Keywords
500g Anaerobic digestion
Atvs Anaerobiosis
Coronavirus Antiviral Agents
Environmental Antiviral Agents
Therapy Antiviral drugs
Bioreactors
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Dissolved organic matters
Metagenomics
Metagenomics
Methane
Methane
Ritonavir
Ritonavir
Sewage
Sewage
Waste activated sludge

Semantics

Type Source Name
drug DRUGBANK Ritonavir
pathway REACTOME Digestion
disease IDO immunodeficiency
disease MESH virus infection
disease MESH coronavirus disease 2019
disease IDO production
disease IDO protein
pathway REACTOME Metabolism

Original Article

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