Current and Potential Use of Biologically Active Compounds Derived from Cannabis sativa L. in the Treatment of Selected Diseases.

Current and Potential Use of Biologically Active Compounds Derived from Cannabis sativa L. in the Treatment of Selected Diseases.

Publication date: Nov 27, 2024

Cannabis sativa L. contains numerous compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including the flavonoids and the cannabinoids, particularly Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabinoids have an effect on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a cellular communication network, and are, hence, widely studied for medical applications. Epidiolex, a 99% pure oral CBD extract, has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of epilepsy. Nabiximols (Sativex) is an oromucosal spray containing equal volume of THC and CBD, and it is commonly used as an add-on treatment for unresponsive spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also shown that cannabinoids can be used to treat various types of cancer, such as melanoma and brain glioblastoma; the first positive clinical trials on the anticancer effect of a THC:CBD blend with temozolomide (TMZ) in the treatment of highly invasive brain cancer are very promising. The cannabinoids exert their anticancer properties in in vitro investigations by the induction of cell death, mainly by apoptosis and cytotoxic autophagy, and the inhibition of cell proliferation. In several studies, cannabinoids have been found to induce tumor regression and inhibit angiogenic mechanisms in vitro and in vivo, as well as in two low-numbered epidemiological studies. They also exhibit antiviral effects by inhibiting ACE2 transcription, blocking viral replication and fusion, and acting as anti-inflammatory agents; indeed, prior CBD consumption (a study of 93,565 persons in Chicago) has also been associated with a much lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. It is postulated that cannabis extracts can be used in the treatment of many other diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, or various types of neurological disorders, e. g., Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this review is to outline the current state of knowledge regarding currently used medicinal preparations derived from C. sativa L. in the treatment of selected cancer and viral diseases, and to present the latest research on the potential applications of its secondary metabolites.

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Concepts Keywords
Cancer Animals
Cannabinoids anti-inflammatory properties
Cannabis anticancer properties
Viral antioxidant effects
antiviral effects
Cannabidiol
Cannabidiol
cannabidiol
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids
cannabinoids
Cannabis
COVID-19
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Humans
Neoplasms
Plant Extracts
Plant Extracts
SARS-CoV-2
tetrahydrocannabinol

Semantics

Type Source Name
drug DRUGBANK Dronabinol
drug DRUGBANK Cannabidiol
disease MESH epilepsy
drug DRUGBANK Nabiximols
drug DRUGBANK Aspartame
disease MESH multiple sclerosis
disease MESH cancer
disease MESH melanoma
pathway KEGG Melanoma
disease MESH glioblastoma
drug DRUGBANK Temozolomide
disease MESH brain cancer
pathway REACTOME Apoptosis
pathway REACTOME Autophagy
pathway KEGG Viral replication
disease MESH SARS-CoV-2 infections
drug DRUGBANK Medical Cannabis
disease MESH systemic lupus erythematosus
pathway KEGG Systemic lupus erythematosus
disease MESH type 1 diabetes
disease MESH neurological disorders
disease MESH Alzheimer’s disease
disease MESH viral diseases
disease MESH death
disease MESH infections
drug DRUGBANK Coenzyme M
drug DRUGBANK Water
drug DRUGBANK Alpha-Linolenic Acid
drug DRUGBANK Linoleic acid
drug DRUGBANK Amino acids
pathway REACTOME Fatty acids
disease MESH AIDS
disease MESH chronic pain
disease MESH anorexia
disease MESH muscle spasms
disease MESH inflammation
drug DRUGBANK Nabilone
drug DRUGBANK Nitrogen
disease MESH edema
disease MESH cholangiocarcinoma
disease IDO protein
drug DRUGBANK Potassium
drug DRUGBANK Magnesium
drug DRUGBANK Calcium
drug DRUGBANK Iron
drug DRUGBANK Zinc
pathway REACTOME Vitamins
drug DRUGBANK Beta carotene
disease IDO blood
drug DRUGBANK Tocopherol
drug DRUGBANK Ethanol
disease MESH migraine
disease MESH tic disorders
disease MESH rheumatoid arthritis
pathway KEGG Rheumatoid arthritis
pathway REACTOME Reproduction
pathway REACTOME Potassium Channels
disease MESH cardiovascular diseases
drug DRUGBANK Indoleacetic acid
pathway KEGG Peroxisome
drug DRUGBANK Adenosine
disease MESH cytokine storm
disease MESH arthritis
disease IDO production
drug DRUGBANK Arachidonic Acid
disease MESH neurodegenerative diseases
pathway REACTOME Neurodegenerative Diseases
disease MESH HIV infection
pathway REACTOME HIV Infection
disease MESH ulcerative colitis
drug DRUGBANK Apigenin
drug DRUGBANK Quercetin
drug DRUGBANK Rutin
drug DRUGBANK Dinoprostone
drug DRUGBANK Acetylsalicylic acid
drug DRUGBANK Acetate ion
drug DRUGBANK Streptozocin
pathway KEGG Primary bile acid biosynthesis
drug DRUGBANK Taurine
pathway REACTOME Metabolism
disease MESH oxidative damage
drug DRUGBANK BV2
pathway REACTOME Digestion
drug DRUGBANK Dimercaprol
drug DRUGBANK Glutathione
drug DRUGBANK beta-Sitosterol
drug DRUGBANK Sucrose
drug DRUGBANK Ascorbic acid
disease MESH noma
disease MESH metastasis
disease MESH Hepatocellular carcinoma
pathway KEGG Hepatocellular carcinoma
drug DRUGBANK Honey
disease MESH squamous carcinoma
disease MESH carcinoma
disease MESH malignant gliomas
drug DRUGBANK Prostaglandin D2
drug DRUGBANK Cabozantinib
drug DRUGBANK Cisplatin
disease MESH retinoblastoma
disease MESH mitochondrial dysfunction
pathway REACTOME Mitophagy
disease MESH prostate cancer
pathway KEGG Prostate cancer
drug DRUGBANK Trametinib
disease MESH Neuroblastoma
disease IDO process
disease MESH liver cancer
disease MESH leukemia
pathway REACTOME Translation
disease IDO replication
disease IDO host
pathway REACTOME Interferon Signaling
drug DRUGBANK Trestolone
disease IDO infection
drug DRUGBANK Oxygen
disease IDO assay
disease MESH Huntington’s disease
disease MESH amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
pathway KEGG Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
disease MESH dementia
disease MESH Dravet syndrome
disease MESH refractory epilepsy
disease MESH seizure
drug DRUGBANK Clobazam
disease MESH somnolence
drug DRUGBANK L-Alanine
disease IDO symptom
disease MESH anxiety
disease MESH paranoia
disease MESH lifestyle
disease MESH depression
disease MESH suicidal ideation
disease MESH HNSCC
disease MESH Gastrointestinal Disorders
drug DRUGBANK Roxithromycin
pathway KEGG Glioma
drug DRUGBANK Tetrahydrocannabivarin
drug DRUGBANK Tromethamine
disease MESH Neuroinflammation
disease MESH Diabetes Mellitus Complications
drug DRUGBANK Sulfasalazine
disease MESH Pancreatic Cancer
pathway KEGG Pancreatic cancer
drug DRUGBANK Tilmicosin
disease IDO intervention
disease MESH Hypersensitivity
pathway REACTOME Phospholipid metabolism
disease MESH Ischemic Stroke
disease MESH Adenocarcinoma
drug DRUGBANK Guanosine
drug DRUGBANK (S)-Des-Me-Ampa
disease MESH Neuropathic Pain
disease MESH Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
disease IDO cell
disease MESH Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
disease MESH Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
disease MESH Adverse Drug Events

Original Article

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