Publication date: Dec 01, 2024

We hypothesize that lower blepharoplasty post-operative granuloma formation increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Retrospective consecutive case series of first-time lower blepharoplasties performed at an academic private practice. Odds ratios of post-operative granuloma formation before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed using a logistic regression model controlling for age, gender, and surgical approach. 547 subjects underwent lower blepharoplasty between 2018 and 2023. Their average age was 64. 6 (+/-10. 3) years, 73 % were women. 222 (40. 6 %) subjects underwent lower blepharoplasty by transconjunctival surgical approach with 290 (53. 0 %) by transcutaneous approach. The odds of developing post-operative granuloma during the pandemic period were 2. 188 (95 % CI 1. 061, 4. 513, p = 0. 03) times higher than prior to the lockdown period. Increased age was associated with higher odds of post-operative granuloma formation: OR 1. 085 (95 % CI 1. 05, 1. 122, p

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