Common Cold Coronavirus 229E Induces Higher Interferon Stimulating Gene Responses in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyposis.

Publication date: Jan 01, 2025

Viral infections have long been implicated in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Given widespread exposure to the common cold coronavirus 229E (HCoV229E), we sought to investigate how HCoV-229E is cleared and stimulates interferon pathways in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures from patients with CRSwNP. The objective of this study was to identify whether viral clearance and ISG expression is different in ALI cultures from donors with CRSwNP compared with controls. Plaque assays were used to quantify infectious virus released by infected air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures derived from patients with CRSwNP compared to patients without CRS (controls). Additionally, mock and induced levels of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) mRNA following HCoV-229E infection were quantified by RT-qPCR. Quantification of infectious virus by plaque assay reveals that CRSwNP ALI cultures were equally susceptible to HCoV-229E infection, and surprisingly viral titers dropped significantly faster than in the control ALI cultures. We further demonstrate that this accelerated viral clearance correlates with increased mRNA expression of at least 4 ISGs following viral infection in the CRSwNP ALIs compared to the control ALIs. This study paradoxically demonstrates that ALI cultures from patients with CRSwNP are more efficient at clearing the common cold HCoV-229E virus compared to controls. We also demonstrate significantly increased ISG mRNA expression following HCoV-229E infection in CRSwNP. These findings call for further investigation into the effect of unimpaired interferon signaling on the type 2 inflammatory environment in patients with CRSwNP.

Concepts Keywords
Coronavirus 229E
Donors Adult
Efficient Cells, Cultured
Hcov229e Chronic Disease
Rhinosinusitis chronic rhinosinusitis
Common Cold
common cold
coronavirus
Coronavirus 229E, Human
Epithelial Cells
Female
Humans
interferon
Interferons
Interferons
Male
Middle Aged
Nasal Mucosa
Nasal Polyps
nasal polyps
Rhinitis
Rhinosinusitis
rhinosinusitis
rhinovirus
Sinusitis
type 1 inflammation
virus

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH Common Cold
disease MESH Rhinosinusitis
disease MESH Viral infections
disease MESH nasal polyps
drug DRUGBANK Medical air
disease MESH infection
disease IDO assay
pathway REACTOME Interferon Signaling
disease MESH Chronic Disease
disease MESH Rhinitis
disease MESH Sinusitis
disease MESH inflammation

Original Article

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