A theory for viral rebound after antiviral treatment: A study case for SARS-CoV-2.

Publication date: Jan 01, 2025

A fraction of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 experienced rebounds when treated with effective antivirals such as Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid). Although this phenomenon has been studied from biological and statistical perspectives, the underlying dynamical mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this work, we characterize the dynamic behavior of a target-cell model to explain post-treatment rebounds from the perspective of set-theoretic stability analysis. Without relying on the effects of the adaptive immune system or the resistance through viral mutations, we develop mathematical conditions for antiviral treatments to avoid viral rebound. Simulation results illustrate the critical role of dosage (i. e., the doses and timing of administration) in taking advantage of highly effective drugs and tailoring therapies.

Concepts Keywords
Math Antiviral Agents
Nirmatrelvir Antiviral Agents
Tailoring Antiviral treatment
Target Computer Simulation
Viral COVID-19
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Drug Combinations
Drug Combinations
Humans
In-host infection
Lopinavir
Lopinavir
lopinavir-ritonavir drug combination
Models, Biological
Rebound threshold
Ritonavir
Ritonavir
SARS-CoV-2
Viral rebound

Semantics

Type Source Name
drug DRUGBANK Ritonavir
disease IDO cell
pathway REACTOME Adaptive Immune System
disease IDO role
disease MESH COVID-19
disease IDO host
disease MESH infection
drug DRUGBANK Lopinavir

Original Article

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