Publication date: Dec 28, 2024
Cytokine storm syndromes such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD), and COVID-19 cytokine storm (CCS) are characterized by markedly elevated inflammatory cytokines. However clinical measurement of serum cytokines is not widely available. This study examined the clinical utility of C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, two inexpensive and widely available inflammatory markers, for distinguishing HLH from AOSD and CCS. This single centre retrospective study included 44 secondary HLH patients, 14 AOSD patients, and 13 CCS patients. Baseline CRP and ferritin measured within 72 h of diagnosis and before administration of corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory therapies were analyzed. The median CRP in HLH patients was lower than AOSD (71 mg/L vs. 172 mg/L, p
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Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | IDO | role |
| disease | MESH | adult-onset still’s disease |
| disease | MESH | COVID-19 |
| disease | MESH | cytokine storm |
| disease | MESH | syndromes |
| disease | MESH | hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis |
| disease | MESH | Malignancy |
| disease | MESH | morbidity |
| disease | MESH | Allergy |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Coenzyme M |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Etoposide |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Tocilizumab |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Baricitinib |
| disease | MESH | infection |
| disease | MESH | hyperferritinemia |
| disease | MESH | necrosis |
| disease | MESH | etiology |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Saquinavir |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Fibrinogen Human |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Anakinra |
| disease | MESH | viral infections |
| disease | MESH | bacterial infections |
| disease | MESH | critically ill |
| disease | IDO | blood |
| disease | IDO | immunosuppression |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Emapalumab |
| disease | MESH | Arthritis |
| disease | MESH | macrophage activation syndrome |
| disease | MESH | juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
| disease | MESH | Rheumatic Diseases |
| disease | MESH | sepsis |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Natural alpha interferon |
| pathway | REACTOME | Reproduction |