Publication date: Feb 04, 2025

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, routine vaccination rates have dropped in Canada. Many newcomers and refugees experience significant vaccine inequities despite wide vaccine availability and COVID-19 pandemic vaccination campaigns. We aimed to investigate post-pandemic vaccine hesitancy, acceptance, and vaccine outreach strategies among newcomers’ communities. Methods: We conducted a prospective community-based-participatory research (CBPR) qualitative study with self-identified newcomers in Alberta between October 2022 – January 2023. Community Scholars, leaders representing various ethnocultural communities trained in community-engaged research, conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups in English and first languages. Scholars collected and translated detailed qualitative notes and sociodemographic data with a standardized survey. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed and coded using a consensus-based approach. Results: We conducted two focus groups and five semi-structured interviews with 12 participants, 50% who identified as female and originated from the Philippines, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Mexico, Burundi, and Egypt. We identified three main themes, each with two subthemes: (1) vaccine hesitancy due to lack of reliable information and religious and cultural beliefs, (2) access to COVID-19 vaccines and information, and (3) vaccine acceptance as voluntary or coerced. Employer-mandated vaccination emerged as a critical issue with potential long-term negative public health implications, leading to vaccine regret and loss of trust of public health authorities and healthcare systems. Conclusion: During population-wide COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, newcomers perceived their communities’ circumstances were overlooked, potentially increasing vaccine hesitancy. Perceived coercive vaccination policies had unintended negative public health consequences. These findings may help inform future emergency and routine public health vaccination policies. Keywords: COVID-19, vaccines, newcomers, migrant health, qualitative study, patient-oriented research, Community-based participatory research, public health communication.

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