The Burden of adolescent depression and the impact of COVID-19 across 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 global burden of disease study.

Publication date: Feb 15, 2025

This study aims to analyze the trends in the burden of depression among adolescents aged 10 to 24 years globally from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent depression and health inequalities. Using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study, we examined age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for depression among adolescents aged 10-24 years. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to assess temporal trends. Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis estimated age, period, and cohort effects. Bayesian APC (BAPC) analysis projected future trends. Decomposition analysis further explored drivers of changes in depression burden. Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CI) were calculated to assess health inequalities across regions and countries. From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence, prevalence and DALY rates of adolescent depression remained stable. Depression incidence and prevalence increased with age, with the 20-24 age group showing the highest rates. The burden of depression was higher in females than in males. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted adolescent depression, with reported prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates in 2020 and 2021 far exceeding predicted values, and the burden of depression is expected to continue rising. Health inequalities between adolescents in high- and low-income regions have widened, particularly following the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly exacerbated the burden of depression and intensified health inequalities.

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Concepts Keywords
Covid Adolescent
Drivers Adolescents
Pandemic Bayes Theorem
Child
COVID-19
Depression
Depression
Disability-Adjusted Life Years
Epidemiology
Female
Global Health
Humans
Incidence
Male
Mental Health
Prevalence
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
SARS-CoV-2
Young Adult

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH depression
disease MESH COVID-19
disease MESH health inequalities
disease MESH premature mortality
disease MESH comorbidity
disease MESH suicide
disease MESH academic failure
disease MESH substance abuse
disease MESH death
drug DRUGBANK Coenzyme M
disease MESH major depressive disorder
disease MESH Dysthymia
disease IDO country
disease MESH uncertainty
disease MESH violence
disease MESH sleep disorders
drug DRUGBANK Estradiol
disease MESH sexual abuse
disease MESH lifestyle
disease MESH mental disorders
disease MESH anxiety
disease MESH polycystic ovary syndrome
disease MESH insomnia
disease MESH loneliness
drug DRUGBANK Trestolone
disease MESH anxiety disorders
pathway REACTOME Reproduction
disease IDO quality

Original Article

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