Publication date: May 26, 2025

Viral particles in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have molecular motifs resembling self-antigens, potentially triggering autoantibody production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mRNA vaccines (BioNTech), which contain a single viral particle, and inactivated whole viral particles (Sinovac) on antinuclear autoantibody (ANA) formation in individuals without prior COVID-19 infection. The study was retrospective and included individuals who had not contracted SARS-CoV-2 (tested negative for antigen or antibody). The effects of the inactivated vaccine were assessed in individuals with samples before and after both doses (n = 36); the mRNA vaccine was evaluated in individuals unvaccinated and after two doses (n = 17); and the effects of both vaccines were assessed in individuals who received only the inactivated vaccine (n = 15), only the mRNA vaccine (n = 15), or both (n = 15). ANAs were determined using validated anti-dsDNA, anti-ENA, and anti-Hep-2 nucleus tests. The inactivated vaccines cumulatively increased (p 0. 05). On the other hand, combination of both vaccine types increased the rate of positivity for the anti-dsDNA antibody (from 20. 0 to 53. 3%, p

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