Promising Vaccine Formulations for Emerging Infectious Diseases.

Publication date: May 20, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are one of the greatest threats to human health today, thus requiring an urgent response. Vaccines are one of the most effective means of preventing the spread of infectious diseases, and their usefulness in responding to EIDs has been clearly proven through the process of overcoming the global COVID-19 pandemic. As the characteristics of various vaccine formulations differ, it is necessary to apply the most appropriate one according to the EID response strategy. In this review, we first consider which vaccine formulation is the most suitable for EID vaccines by comparing the pros and cons of different vaccine formulations, and then we discuss the utility of mRNA vaccine formulations, which are considered the most promising for EID vaccines.

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Concepts	Keywords
Covid	Communicable Diseases, Emerging
Global	COVID-19
Pandemic	COVID-19 Vaccines
Pros	COVID-19 Vaccines
Vaccines	Humans
	mRNA vaccine
	SARS-CoV-2
	vaccine formulation

Semantics

Type	Source	Name
disease	MESH	Emerging Infectious Diseases
drug	DRUGBANK	Nonoxynol-9
disease	MESH	infectious diseases
disease	IDO	process
disease	MESH	COVID-19 pandemic
drug	DRUGBANK	Calcium
disease	MESH	influenza
disease	MESH	viral hemorrhagic fevers
disease	MESH	gastrointestinal diseases
disease	MESH	encephalitis
disease	MESH	cholera
disease	MESH	malaria
pathway	KEGG	Malaria
disease	MESH	tuberculosis
pathway	KEGG	Tuberculosis
disease	MESH	Chronic infections
disease	MESH	hepatitis
disease	IDO	pathogen
disease	MESH	infection
disease	IDO	host
disease	MESH	viral diseases
disease	MESH	Lassa fever
disease	MESH	Middle East respiratory syndrome
disease	MESH	Rift Valley fever
disease	MESH	severe acute respiratory syndrome
pathway	REACTOME	Immune System
disease	IDO	nucleic acid
disease	IDO	history
disease	IDO	cell
drug	DRUGBANK	Spinosad
disease	MESH	measles
pathway	KEGG	Measles
disease	MESH	mumps
disease	MESH	varicella
disease	MESH	smallpox
disease	MESH	polio
drug	DRUGBANK	Coenzyme M
disease	IDO	virulence
disease	IDO	immune response
disease	IDO	production
disease	MESH	Vaccinia
disease	MESH	monkey pox
disease	MESH	Ebola hemorrhagic fever
disease	MESH	stomatitis
disease	IDO	site
disease	MESH	bacterial infections
disease	IDO	bacteria
disease	MESH	PRRs
disease	IDO	immunodeficiency
disease	MESH	emergency
disease	IDO	replication
pathway	REACTOME	Translation
disease	IDO	susceptibility
drug	DRUGBANK	Cholesterol
drug	DRUGBANK	Omega-3 fatty acids
disease	MESH	inflammation
disease	MESH	anaphylactic reactions
drug	DRUGBANK	Activated charcoal
disease	MESH	Lyme disease
disease	MESH	infectious mononucleosis
disease	MESH	sequelae
drug	DRUGBANK	L-Valine
disease	MESH	Shingles
disease	MESH	Rabies
disease	MESH	Avian influenza
disease	MESH	Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever
disease	IDO	zoonosis
disease	MESH	Japanese encephalitis
disease	MESH	zoonotic infection
drug	DRUGBANK	Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR strain live antigen
disease	MESH	Hepatocellular carcinoma
pathway	KEGG	Hepatocellular carcinoma
disease	MESH	squamous carcinomas
disease	MESH	Burkitt’s Lymphoma
disease	IDO	antibiotic resistance
disease	MESH	pertussis
pathway	KEGG	Pertussis
disease	MESH	cryptococcosis
pathway	KEGG	Virion
disease	MESH	neglected diseases
disease	IDO	protein
disease	MESH	dengue
disease	MESH	cancer

Original Article

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