Seasonal Mortality Patterns Analyzing Epidemiological Impact of COVID-19 on Overall Mortality Rates in Belgrade, Serbia Over Three-Year Period (2020-2023): Mental Health Consequences and Public Health Implications.

ingentiumby ingentium

In Pandemic Literature.

Publication date: May 08, 2025

Background/Objectives: Seasonal variations in mortality rates are well-documented, particularly during the winter months when mortality typically increases. This rise in mortality, ranging from 5% to 25%, is often associated with chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Understanding these seasonal fluctuations is essential for guiding public health interventions. This study analyzes mortality rates and excess mortality in Belgrade from March 2020 to May 2023, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on overall mortality trends. The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality rates in Belgrade during the study period. The first secondary objective is to evaluate seasonal variations in mortality, with a focus on the 10. 57% overall increase in mortality, and to highlight the 34. 23% rise in winter mortality recorded in 2020. The second secondary objective is to assess the effectiveness of public health measures in mitigating excess mortality during this period. Methods: A descriptive epidemiological approach was used to analyze monthly mortality data from the City Bureau of Statistics. Mortality rates were standardized using direct standardization and compared winter (December-February) and non-winter (March-November) periods. Trends, percentage increases, and age-specific mortality were analyzed based on the 2011 census methodology. Results: Mortality rates in Belgrade ranged from 1115. 67 to 1267. 19 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, with an average of 1205. 62. Standardized mortality rates ranged from 936. 49 to 1111. 67, averaging 1021. 64. The winter months showed higher mortality, averaging 1716 deaths per 100,000, compared to 1558 in the non-winter months. Conclusions: The winter months exhibited significantly higher mortality rates, likely exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted public health policies and interventions are necessary to reduce seasonal mortality risks during future public health crises.

Open Access PDF

Concepts Keywords
Months epidemiology
Pandemic population health
Winter public health
respiratory diseases
seasonal mortality

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH COVID-19
disease MESH respiratory diseases
drug DRUGBANK Coenzyme M
disease IDO country
disease MESH cardiovascular diseases
drug DRUGBANK Nonoxynol-9
disease MESH chronic diseases
drug DRUGBANK Trestolone
disease MESH influenza
disease MESH respiratory infections
drug DRUGBANK Medical air
drug DRUGBANK Etoperidone
disease MESH emergencies
disease MESH heart attacks
disease MESH strokes
disease MESH premature mortality
disease MESH morbidity
disease MESH infection
disease IDO intervention
disease MESH death
disease MESH causes
disease MESH infection transmission
drug DRUGBANK Hexocyclium
disease MESH delayed treatments
disease MESH ischemic heart diseases
disease IDO role
disease MESH depressive symptoms
disease MESH anxiety
disease MESH suicide
disease MESH sleep quality
drug DRUGBANK Hydrocortisone
disease MESH infectious diseases
disease MESH inflammation
disease IDO process
disease MESH viral infections
disease MESH long COVID
disease IDO quality
disease MESH hypertension
disease MESH coronary heart disease
disease MESH heart failure
disease IDO susceptibility
disease MESH cytokine storm
disease MESH atherosclerosis
disease MESH coronary artery disease
disease MESH cardiovascular risk factors
disease MESH uncertainty
disease MESH causes of death
disease MESH Comorbidity
drug DRUGBANK Minaprine
drug DRUGBANK Tricyclazole
drug DRUGBANK Guanosine
disease MESH Pneumonia
disease MESH critical illness

Original Article

(Visited 1 times, 1 visits today)