Publication date: May 30, 2025

The present study assessed both concurrent and early influences of the maternal caregiving environment to examine unique contributions of each to variation in children’s emotional responses to COVID-19 pandemic. Preschoolers (3-5 years; M = 4. 12, SD = 0. 49) previously assessed in infancy, several years prior to pandemic outbreak, were re-assessed during pandemic-related nationwide lockdown (N = 200; 50% female; 63. 5% secular Jews; 2016; 2021). Maternal stress during lockdown significantly moderated (β = 0. 13, p 

Semantics

Original Article