Publication date: Jun 02, 2025

In the framework of the European Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI) project, we analysed the healthcare use for depression and/or anxiety during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Aggregated monthly number of diagnoses were obtained from electronic health records and databases in Austria, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Romania, Wales (UK), and Aragon (Spain) and analysed using the PHIRI federated research infrastructure. Rates of diagnosis, prescriptions and visits to primary care, hospital or emergency department were calculated by 10 000 population. Segmented Poisson regression to estimate changes in outcomes after the COVID-19 pandemic declaration was produced controlling for baseline levels and trends for the period January 2017 to December 2021. Following pandemic declaration, level change of incident diagnoses fell in Romania, Aragon (Spain), and Wales (UK) [log rate -0. 853 (95% confidence interval -1. 045 to -0. 661), -0. 338 (-0. 434 to -0. 242), and -0274 (-0. 365 to -0. 183), respectively]; level change of visits to primary care decreased in Romania and Wales (UK) [-0. 347 (-0. 555 to -0. 138) and -0. 272 (-0. 368 to -0. 177), respectively], and increased in Latvia [0. 065 (0. 004-0. 126)]; level change for hospital admissions diminished in Latvia, Romania and Wales (UK) [-0. 206 (-0. 393 to -0. 019), -0. 947 (-1. 143 to -0. 752) and -0. 116 (-0. 202 to -0. 030), respectively]; and level change of visits to emergency units fell in Latvia and Romania [-0. 290 (-0. 429 to -0. 151) and -0. 865 (-1. 040 to -0. 690), respectively] and increased in Aragon (Spain) [0. 880 (0. 259 to 1. 502)]. COVID-19 pandemic declaration altered the use of mental health resources. This study highlights the potential use of harmonized data for providing evidence for future pandemic preparedness.

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