Publication date: Jun 18, 2025

This study aimed to investigate productivity loss during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify risk factors by examining indicators of work productivity loss in a population-based cohort in The Netherlands. Longitudinal data from the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort were used, enriched with registry data from Statistics Netherlands. Data of N=11 462 workers were collected from 2020-2022. Productivity loss was measured using four indicators: unemployment, sickness absence rate, loss of work hours, and loss of work quality. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between socioeconomic, health-, and work-related characteristics and the four indicators. Unemployment remained low (

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