Publication date: Jun 17, 2025
Background/Objectives: The long-term impact of COVID-19 on female reproductive health remains poorly understood. This study aimed to assess structural and endocrine alterations in women of reproductive age who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to uninfected controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 women aged 18-45 years were enrolled in a comparative study: 75 with a confirmed history of COVID-19 and 75 without one. All participants underwent ultrasound examinations of their pelvic organs and mammary glands, along with laboratory assessment of reproductive hormones and inflammatory markers. Results: Structural abnormalities in the pelvic organs were observed in 53. 5% of the post-COVID-19 group versus 12. 0% of the control group (p < 0. 001), with oophoritis showing a statistically significant association (OR = 11. 38; 95% CI: 1. 42-91. 36; p = 0. 009). Non-significant but elevated frequencies were also found for uterine fibroids and breast cysts. Biochemically, post-COVID-19 participants demonstrated higher serum ferritin, estradiol, and fibrinogen levels, along with lower TSH and AMH levels, suggesting potential endocrine disruption and persistent inflammation. Conclusions: Women with a history of COVID-19 may be at increased risk of developing structural and hormonal abnormalities, highlighting the importance of post-infection gynecological and endocrine monitoring. Further longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms of these alterations.
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| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Basel | AMH |
| Gynecological | COVID-19 |
| Poorly | endocrine disruption |
| Ultrasound | estradiol |
| Women | ovarian function |
| pelvic ultrasound | |
| post-COVID-19 | |
| reproductive health | |
| women’s health |