Publication date: Jun 30, 2025
The ideal electrochemical sensing interface must have good electron transfer performance and could resist nonspecific adsorption in complex actual sample analysis. Herein, we creatively synthesized a zwitterionic thiophene (Th-Zw) monomer with dual functions of conduction and antifouling. The Th-Zw, graphene oxide, and antigen molecules are further in situ meridized on the surface of commercial screen-printed electrodes by electrodeposition to complete the manufacture of electrochemical sensors. The improved design of this commercial screen-printed electrode has three significant merits: (1) protein-resistant hydrophobicity via zwitterionic groups, (2) enhanced conductivity through π-conjugated thiophene-graphene networks, and (3) stable antigen immobilization via covalent deposition. The Th-Zw-modified electrode was further applied to the detection of the anti-p53 antibody (anti-p53) and anti-COVID-19 IgG in spiked human plasma samples and obtained a low detection limit of 5. 95 and 6. 58 ng/mL, respectively. Finally, in the detection of anti-p53 in blood samples of cancer patients and healthy volunteers, there was a significant difference in the results, proving that this strategy has good application potential in actual clinical samples. This study developed a conductive and antifouling electrochemical sensor that enables the rapid and sensitive detection of antibodies in actual samples without requiring sample purification or molecular labeling, offering a new strategy for one-step electrochemical detection.
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | IDO | protein |
| disease | MESH | immobilization |
| disease | MESH | COVID-19 |
| disease | IDO | blood |
| disease | MESH | cancer |