Identification of potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors through covalent drug docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and MMGBSA calculation.

Publication date: Jul 01, 2025

The viral main protease is a critical drug target due to its role in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. In this study, we evaluated 2,000 potential Mpro inhibitors recommended by the FragRep server, with a focus on interactions with the CYS145 residue. Six top candidates were selected for each of the 7JKV and 7TDU Mpro structures, and covalent molecular docking was performed using SeeSAR. We docked twelve ligands to various Mpro sites and performed 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on the highest-scoring ligands: lig-14-23, lig-6-32, lig-2-3, lig-0101, lig-7612, lig-811, and lig-837. MD analysis, including Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Radius of Gyration (Rg), Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA), and Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF), confirmed the stability of the covalent complexes. Non-covalent ligands, which exhibited higher toxicity profiles, were excluded from the molecular dynamics analysis. The results indicate that lig-7612 and lig-837 form stable interactions with Mpro, suggesting their potential as drug candidates. These inhibitors exhibit pharmacological properties that could influence drug interactions and metabolism in vivo. Further safety and pharmacokinetic assessments are required for therapeutic development.

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Concepts Keywords
Cys145 Antiviral Agents
Pharmacological Antiviral Agents
Target Computational drug design
Viral Coronavirus 3C Proteases
Coronavirus 3C Proteases
Covalent drug design
COVID-19
COVID-19
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Humans
Ligands
Ligands
Main protease (Mpro)
MMGBSA
Molecular Docking Simulation
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Protease Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
SARS-CoV-2

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH COVID-19
disease IDO role
disease MESH drug interactions
pathway REACTOME Metabolism
disease MESH Middle East respiratory syndrome
disease IDO complex infection
pathway KEGG Viral replication
drug DRUGBANK L-Glutamine
disease IDO replication
drug DRUGBANK Coenzyme M
drug DRUGBANK Water
drug DRUGBANK L-Leucine
drug DRUGBANK L-Phenylalanine
disease MESH drug toxicity
disease MESH hypersensitivity
drug DRUGBANK Acetylsalicylic acid
disease IDO site
disease IDO protein
drug DRUGBANK Dimethyl sulfoxide
drug DRUGBANK Succimer
disease MESH hepatitis
disease IDO process
disease MESH aids
drug DRUGBANK Amino acids
drug DRUGBANK L-Cysteine
disease IDO algorithm
disease IDO production
drug DRUGBANK Boceprevir
pathway REACTOME Intestinal absorption
disease MESH shock
drug DRUGBANK Serine
drug DRUGBANK L-Alanine
drug DRUGBANK L-Asparagine
drug DRUGBANK L-Valine
disease MESH dissociation
drug DRUGBANK Indole
disease MESH pneumonia
drug DRUGBANK (S)-Des-Me-Ampa
drug DRUGBANK Oxygen
disease MESH Thrombosis
drug DRUGBANK Nonoxynol-9
drug DRUGBANK Etodolac
pathway REACTOME Reproduction

Original Article

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