Publication date: Jul 02, 2025
This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of various fluoride agents using L929 fibroblast and human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell cultures. Five different fluoride agents were included in the study; 1. 23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) gel (Sultan Health Care, Engle Wood, USA), 2% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) gel (Sultan Health Care, Engle Wood, USA), 1% Titanium Tetrafluoride (TiF₄) solution (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Steinheim, Germany), 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) solution (Saforide-J. Morita; Toyo Seiyaku Kasei Ltd/Osaka-Japan), and 5% NaF varnish (Duraphat, Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY, USA). Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the real-time xCELLigence system, while apoptotic activity was determined through Annexin V/PI and TUNEL assays. Genotoxicity was assessed using the micronucleus test. The expression levels of the pro-apoptotic marker BAX and the anti-apoptotic marker BCL-2 were quantified using real-time PCR. All experiments were performed in triplicate and independently repeated to ensure reproducibility, with data analyzed using non-linear regression for IC₅₀ determination, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for group comparisons, and chi-square or Fisher’s Exact tests for categorical variables (SPSS 25. 0); statistical significance was set at p
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Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | IDO | cell |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Sodium fluoride |
| pathway | REACTOME | Reproduction |
| pathway | REACTOME | Apoptosis |
| disease | IDO | protein |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Monofluorophosphate ion |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Titanium |