Melamine derivatives in indoor dust from China: Temporal trends and human exposure before and during COVID-19 pandemic.

Publication date: Aug 15, 2025

Melamine-based compounds (MELs) are emerging indoor contaminants with potential health risks, yet their temporal variations and exposure implications remain poorly characterized. In this study, we analyzed MELs in 66 paired indoor dust samples from residential households in Tianjin, China, comparing pre- and during-COVID-19 periods. Four traditional MELs, i. e., MEL, ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid (CYA), were detected in all samples, with total MEL concentrations (∑MELs) ranging from 61. 2 to 5. 83 cD7 10 ng/g (median: 6. 73 cD710 ng/g). During the pandemic, ∑MEL concentrations increased 1. 73-fold (8. 25 cD710 vs. 4. 76 cD710 ng/g, p 

Semantics

Original Article