Publication date: Jul 01, 2025
Solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at enhanced risk of infection and to poorly respond to vaccination due to comorbidities and immunosuppression. We performed a systems vaccinology study in 59 kidney and 31 lung transplant recipients who received 3 doses of COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. We were able to characterize a baseline configuration associated with an effective humoral response to 3 doses, characterized by an innate and activated B cell profile, whereas a T cell signature was associated with a poorer response. We observed a distinct configuration associated with a detectable humoral response to 2 doses, partly mediated by double negative B cell subsets. These results suggest that, despite their immunosuppression, some SOT recipients can induce an effective humoral response to 3 doses of vaccine supported by a baseline configuration close to the healthy phenotype. Baseline immune phenotyping may help identify SOT recipients at the greatest risk of a poor vaccine response.
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| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Bnt162b2 | Baseline |
| Immunosuppression | Configuration |
| Kidney | Doses |
| Organ | Effective |
| Poor | Humoral |
| Immunosuppression | |
| Organ | |
| Recipients | |
| Risk | |
| Solid | |
| Sot | |
| Systems | |
| Transplant | |
| Vaccine | |
| Vaccinology |
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | infection |
| disease | IDO | immunosuppression |
| disease | MESH | COVID-19 |
| disease | IDO | cell |
| disease | MESH | cardiovascular disease |
| disease | IDO | susceptibility |
| pathway | REACTOME | Immune System |
| disease | MESH | Infectious Diseases |
| pathway | REACTOME | Adaptive Immune System |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Coenzyme M |
| disease | MESH | influenza |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Yellow Fever Vaccine |
| pathway | REACTOME | Innate Immune System |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Mycophenolate mofetil |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Monomethyl fumarate |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Esomeprazole |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Azathioprine |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Tacrolimus |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Ciclosporin |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Everolimus |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Serine |
| disease | IDO | blood |
| disease | MESH | Overweight |