Publication date: Jul 05, 2025

This study aimed to assess the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalisation costs and its associated factors on Nepalese households during the second wave of the pandemic, within the context of Nepal’s COVID-19 response. A cost-descriptive cross-sectional study. Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal. We enrolled 306 hospitalised patients. Telephonic interviews were conducted with COVID-19 patients between May and July 2022. Cost was assessed from a patient’s perspective. We assessed factors associated with the medical cost of COVID-19 treatment services using a generalised linear model with gamma distribution and log link in both bivariable and multivariable models for estimating coefficients and confidence intervals. Data were analysed using STATA version 13, adjusting for the potential confounders: socio-demographic characteristics, type of hospital, intensive care unit (ICU) requirement, lead time to hospital admission and number of days at hospital stay. The total median cost for hospitalisation was US$ 754. 9. The median direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs were US$ 624. 4, US$ 49. 3 and US$ 493. 02, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the cost of COVID-19 treatment was 6. 9 times higher among those admitted to private hospital (95% CI 5. 72 to 8. 32, p

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