Serum vitamin D and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza infection during the twindemic period.

Publication date: Aug 01, 2025

The association between circulating vitamin D levels and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or seasonal influenza infection in vaccine recipients remains unclear. We prospectively examined these associations among healthcare workers. This study included 1434 staff members at a tertiary hospital who completed a questionnaire and provided blood samples in December 2023. Participants were followed for SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza infections until March 2024, based on data from an in-house registry and responses to a follow-up questionnaire. Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were categorized as sufficient (≥20 ng/mL), insufficient (12-19 ng/mL), or deficient (

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