Publication date: Aug 01, 2025
The effects of school closures on COVID-19 transmission remain unclear, even after the conclusion of the national Public Health Emergency. We use healthcare claims data from 130 million household-week observations linked to smartphone mobility data to measure the effects of changes in county-level visits to schools on COVID-19 outcomes. We use a triple-differences approach that leverages within-county differences in exposure between families with and without school-age children and find modest impacts. We find increases in COVID-19 infection rates, with larger differences in low-income and higher COVID-19 prevalence counties.
| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Covid | Adolescent |
| Emergency | Child |
| Healthcare | COVID-19 |
| Smartphone | COVID-19 pandemic |
| Week | Female |
| Humans | |
| Male | |
| SARS-CoV-2 | |
| School closures | |
| Schools | |
| Smartphone | |
| United States |
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | COVID-19 |
| disease | MESH | Emergency |
| disease | MESH | infection |
| disease | MESH | Long Covid |
| disease | IDO | cell |
Original Article
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