Publication date: Dec 01, 2025

Vaccine hesitancy, particularly among racialized communities, persists due to misinformation, medical mistrust, and systemic barriers. This study examines racial disparities and key determinants related to perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Canadian parents from Arab, Asian, Black, Indigenous, White and mixed-race communities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a representative sample of 2,528 Canadian parents of children aged 0-12 years (57. 5% women). Participants completed a survey assessing conspiracy beliefs, health literacy, major experiences of racial discrimination, and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness. The mean COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness perception score was 19. 57 (SD = 5. 32). ANOVA showed significant differences by race (F = 5. 15, p 

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