SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit differential Fc effector functions.

Publication date: Aug 15, 2025

In addition to neutralization, Fc effector function contributes to vaccine-mediated protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, differential coordination and cross-reactivity of Fc effector functions across vaccines is not clearly defined. A secondary analysis of three vaccines with BNT162b2, Ad26. CoV2. S (NCT04838795), and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (NCT04444674) reveals that BNT162b2 elicits the highest levels of binding, neutralization, and Fc effector function with antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement deposition (ADCD) significantly differing by vaccine modality. Ad26. CoV2. S showed low ADCD activity before a homologous boost, which significantly increased this function. BNT162b2 vaccination triggered higher levels of cross-reactive neutralization, ADCC and ADCP than the adenoviral vaccines, while ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 exhibited higher ADCD cross-reactivity. Coordination between functions all varied by modality, with vaccination eliciting neutralization and binding correlations with ADCC for BNT162b2, but with ADCD following Ad26. CoV2. S vaccination. This supports the optimization of Fc effector functions for improved polyfunctional vaccine design.

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Concepts Keywords
Cov2 Clinical microbiology
Low Immune response
Nct04838795 Virology
Phagocytosis
Vaccine

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH SARS-CoV-2 infection
pathway REACTOME SARS-CoV-2 Infection
disease IDO immune response

Original Article

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