Key human proteins that power coronavirus replication point to new treatment strategies

Publication date: Sep 06, 2025

Because host-directed antivirals target human proteins rather than viral proteins, they’re less likely to be undermined by the virus’s rapid mutation rate. The research team discovered that SARS-CoV-2’s spike protein can latch directly onto perlecan’s sugar chains, helping the virus attach to and enter human cells. “Importantly, the team tested the same human proteins against three other coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and a seasonal coronavirus. “Next, the researchers plan to explore whether the same host proteins are also used by other respiratory pathogens such as influenza and RSV. Because these strategies target the host, they’re also less likely to be undermined by viral mutations and drug resistance. The first, perlecan, is a large protein studded with sugar chains found in the extracellular matrixthe supportive meshwork that surrounds and organizes our cells. “Among the proteins identified, two emerged as especially promising drug targets.

Semantics