Publication date: Dec 09, 2025
To determine the relation between disease spectrum, aetiology and immunological markers in fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). Sinus and nasal tissue samples were collected by diagnostic nasal endoscopy and were processed as per standard mycological procedure for microscopy, culture and histopathological examination (HPE). Total IgE, serum IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α levels were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Out of 148 samples, 70% were diagnosed as FRS. The most common comorbid condition was COVID-19 infection 46. 9%. The most common predisposing factor was use of steroid therapy 46. 9%. Nasal obstruction 62. 2% was the most common clinical feature but headache (p value 0. 002) and eye discharge were statistically significant (p value 0. 005). In this study Pottasium hydroxide (KOH) mount revealed findings in 84. 69% patients. KOH, Histopathological examination (HPE) and fungal culture in combination revealed findings in 62. 2% cases. Rhizopus arrhizus 27. 6% was the most common isolate Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus arrhizus were statistically significant (p value 0. 003, 0. 026 respectively). In this study IL-6 59. 2% was the most common serological marker raised. Paranasal sinus (PNS) imaging revealed that 100% of the patients had single or multiple sinus involvement and maxillary sinus (p value 0. 038) was significantly associated. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis 75. 5% was the most common type of FRS. In this study mortality was 17. 34%. FRS is an important emerging public health problem and a cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Furthermore, in the current scenario of the COVID pandemic, FRS has become more fatal and an entity of immediate and grave concern than ever before. Early identification in suspected cases with predisposing factors and early intervention is crucial for the outcome of FRS cases.
| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Clinicomycological | CAM |
| Fungal | FRS |
| Histopathological | Mucor |
| Rhinosinusitis | Mucormycosis |
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | rhinosinusitis |
| disease | MESH | COVID-19 pandemic |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Interleukin-10 |
| disease | MESH | infection |
| disease | MESH | Nasal obstruction |
| disease | MESH | headache |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Hydroxide ion |
| disease | MESH | CAM |
| disease | MESH | Mucormycosis |