Rare disease mimicking multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

ingentiumby ingentium

In Clinical Literature.

Rare disease mimicking multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.

Publication date: Dec 15, 2025

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is a rare but serious condition associated with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. We report a 16-year-old female who presented with seven days of fever, abdominal pain, headache, and fatigue. Physical examination revealed meningeal irritation. Laboratory findings showed pancytopenia, elevated inflammatory markers, and positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG with negative PCR. The patient had no history of COVID-19 vaccination or previous confirmed infection. Initially evaluated as MIS-C due to fever, multisystem involvement, and antibody positivity, she was subsequently diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis after bone marrow aspiration revealed Leishmania amastigotes. This case highlights the diagnostic overlap between MIS-C and endemic infections such as leishmaniasis and underlines the importance of considering infectious etiologies in hyperinflammatory presentations, especially in endemic areas.

Open Access PDF

Concepts Keywords
Covid Differential diagnosis
Old Immune dysregulation
Pcr Multisystem inflammatory syndrome
Vaccination SARS-CoV-2
Virus Visceral leishmaniasis

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH Rare disease
disease MESH multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
disease MESH syndrome
disease MESH COVID-19
disease MESH fever
disease MESH abdominal pain
disease MESH headache
disease MESH fatigue
disease MESH pancytopenia
disease MESH infection
disease MESH visceral leishmaniasis
disease MESH leishmaniasis
pathway KEGG Leishmaniasis
pathway REACTOME Reproduction
disease MESH included
disease MESH Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
disease MESH toxic shock syndrome
disease MESH Emergency
disease MESH herpes labialis
drug DRUGBANK Oxygen
drug DRUGBANK Fibrinogen Human
drug DRUGBANK Dextrose unspecified form
disease MESH cytopenia
drug DRUGBANK Immune Globulin Human
disease MESH hepatitis
drug DRUGBANK Amphotericin B
drug DRUGBANK Methionine
disease MESH neglected tropical diseases
disease MESH leukopenia
disease MESH neutropenia
disease MESH lymphocytosis
disease MESH Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
disease MESH splenomegaly
disease MESH miliary tuberculosis
disease MESH brucellosis
disease MESH typhoid
disease MESH salmonellosis
disease MESH infective endocarditis
disease MESH infectious mononucleosis
disease MESH lymphoma
drug DRUGBANK Miltefosine
pathway REACTOME Leishmania infection
disease MESH zoonotic infections
disease MESH Dis
drug DRUGBANK Coenzyme M
drug DRUGBANK L-Aspartic Acid
drug DRUGBANK Alprostadil
disease MESH Allergy
disease MESH Asthma
pathway KEGG Asthma
disease MESH Coinfection
disease MESH opportunistic infection
disease MESH Rai

Original Article

(Visited 1 times, 1 visits today)

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *