Genes and biological networks that drive long COVID risk

Publication date: Dec 20, 2025

This explains why the former presents with such diverse symptoms. The scientists classified the causal genes by their expression profiles to identify three subtypes of long COVID. This can be used to generate lists of putative causal genes using either Mendelian randomization or control theory. Of these, 19 have been reported by earlier researchers, lending support to the current study. However, the genetic underpinnings are unclear, motivating the current study. Image credit: Daisy Daisy/Shutterstock. comThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic took a heavy toll on human life and health beginning in 2020. Meanwhile, 13 were identified for the first time, and require further study.

Concepts	Keywords
Cancerous	Biological
Controllability	Causal
Coronavirus	Control
Daisy	Covid
Genetic	Current
	Expression
	Genetic
	Identify
	Long
	Multi
	Network
	Omics
	Risk
	Study
	Symptoms

Semantics

Type	Source	Name
disease	MESH	included
drug	DRUGBANK	Isoxaflutole
pathway	REACTOME	Cell Cycle
disease	MESH	syndromes
disease	MESH	plague
pathway	REACTOME	SARS-CoV-2 Infection
disease	MESH	infection
disease	MESH	severe acute respiratory syndrome
disease	MESH	brain fog
disease	MESH	headache
disease	MESH	myalgia
disease	MESH	joint pain
disease	MESH	chest pain
disease	MESH	coronavirus disease 2019
disease	MESH	Image
disease	MESH	long COVID