How do fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, activity and role functioning, and mental health inter-relate in adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome? A structural equation model analysis.

How do fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, activity and role functioning, and mental health inter-relate in adults with post-COVID-19 syndrome? A structural equation model analysis.

Publication date: Dec 23, 2025

Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is associated with persistent fatigue and cognitive symptoms that may disrupt daily functioning and mental health. This study examined interrelationships among fatigue, cognitive function, activity and role functioning, and mental health in individuals with PCS. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 535 adults in the Quebec Action for Post-COVID (QAPC) cohort who self-identified as experiencing PCS symptoms. Structural Equation Modelling was used to estimate associations among fatigue, self-reported cognitive concerns, cognitive performance, and two latent constructs: activity and role functioning and mental health. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, race, alcohol use, prior mental health history, and vaccination status. Fatigue showed association with mental health (standardized regression coefficient, β_std = 0. 44, p 

Concepts Keywords
Education Adult
Fatigue Aged
Quebec Cognition
Race Cognitive Dysfunction
Vaccination COVID-19
Cross-Sectional Studies
Fatigue
Fatigue
Female
Humans
Latent Class Analysis
Long Covid
Male
Mental Health
Mental health
Middle Aged
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Quebec
Role functioning
SARS-CoV-2
Structural equation modelling

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH fatigue
disease MESH cognitive dysfunction
disease MESH post-COVID-19 syndrome
disease MESH PCS
disease MESH cognitive symptoms
disease MESH COVID-19

Original Article

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