Risk Factors of Secondary Bacterial Infection in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19.

Risk Factors of Secondary Bacterial Infection in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19.

Publication date: May 27, 2026

Background/Objectives: Secondary bacterial infections in subjects hospitalized with COVID-19 are associated with longer hospital stays and an increased risk of death. Thus, identifying the risk factors associated with bacterial complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is clinically important. Methods: We analysed the collected records of all adult patients diagnosed with an acute COVID-19 infection who were admitted to the Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Poland, between March 2020 and November 2021. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with bacterial infections complicating the SARS-CoV-2 course. Results: The records of 1963 patients were analysed; 1128 (57. 4%) of the patients were male, the median age of the cohort was 63 years (IQR: 50-74 years), and 202 patients (10%) died. A bacterial infection complicating the course of COVID-19 was diagnosed in 351 (18%) patients. In a multivariate logistic regression model the only factors identified as independently associated with an increased odds of bacterial infection were age (OR per decade: 1. 21, p = 0. 016), length of hospitalization (OR per day: 1. 12, p

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Concepts Keywords
Bacterial bacterial
Decade COVID-19
Hospitalization risk factors
Models secondary

Semantics

Type Source Name
disease MESH Bacterial Infection
disease MESH COVID-19
disease MESH death
pathway REACTOME SARS-CoV-2 Infection
disease MESH infection
disease MESH Infectious Diseases
disease MESH Parasitic Diseases
disease MESH Hos
disease MESH viral infections
disease MESH Emergency
drug DRUGBANK Oxygen
disease MESH included
disease MESH Dementia
disease MESH Stomach ulcer
disease MESH Liver diseases
disease MESH Paresis
disease MESH Chronic renal failure
disease MESH Neoplasm
disease MESH Asthma
pathway KEGG Asthma
disease MESH Interstitial lung diseases
disease MESH Atrial fibrillation
disease MESH Hypertension
disease MESH Alcohol abuse
disease MESH Nicotine addiction
pathway KEGG Nicotine addiction
disease MESH Fever
disease MESH Myalgia
disease MESH Sore throat
disease MESH Cough
disease MESH Chest pain
disease MESH Headache
disease MESH Nausea
disease MESH vomiting
disease MESH Abdominal pain
drug DRUGBANK Urea
disease MESH Proteinuria
disease MESH lung injury
drug DRUGBANK Heparin
disease MESH Arrhythmia
disease MESH myocardial infarction
disease MESH stroke
disease MESH Thromboembolism
disease MESH diabetes mellitus
disease MESH runny nose
disease MESH co infection
disease MESH clinical course
drug DRUGBANK Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
disease MESH opportunistic infections
disease MESH cognitive decline
disease MESH dysphagia
disease MESH obesity
disease MESH venous thromboembolism
disease MESH nosocomial infection
disease MESH coronavirus infection
disease MESH immunothrombosis
pathway REACTOME Innate Immune System
drug DRUGBANK Fibrinogen Human
disease MESH endocarditis
disease MESH bloodstream infections
disease MESH inflammation
pathway REACTOME Release
disease MESH traps
drug DRUGBANK Dexamethasone
disease MESH autoimmune diseases
disease MESH anosmia
disease MESH ageusia
disease MESH Pneumonia
disease MESH Influenza
disease MESH Dis
disease MESH critically ill
disease MESH Gan
pathway REACTOME Immune System
disease MESH urinary tract infections
disease MESH Thrombosis
disease MESH Respiratory Diseases
drug DRUGBANK Troleandomycin
disease MESH Allergy
disease MESH injury

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