Self-Assembled Glutathione-Nucleotide Supramolecular Hydrogels with Intrinsic Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities.

Publication date: Jun 19, 2026

Small peptides exhibit remarkable antimicrobial and biological functions, yet their translation into biomaterials often requires chemical modifications that can compromise their native functionalities. Physically cross-linked hydrogels involving noncovalent interactions can retain pristine biomolecules, enabling their functional integration. Here, we present a facile strategy for constructing all-biomolecular hydrogels through the noncovalent integration of glutathione and guanosine monophosphate. The spontaneous formation of transparent, robust, and physically cross-linked hydrogels occurs via G-quadruplex assembly, preserving inherent biomolecular functionality. These hydrogels demonstrate good mechanical strength, broad pH stability, and self-healing behavior. Morphological analysis reveals protocell-like spherical intermediates, eventually yielding helical fibrillar networks. The supramolecular fibers exhibit dose-dependent cytocompatibility with selective bioactivities, suitable for biomedical applications. In vitro studies confirmed pronounced antiviral efficacy against Epstein-Barr virus and SARS-CoV-2, alongside broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy. Additionally, the fibers induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. The viscoelastic and shape-sustaining behavior of these hydrogels holds potential scope to develop antimicrobial coating materials.

Semantics

Original Article