Publication date: Jun 18, 2026
Home test-to-treat (HTTT) programs deliver timely antiviral treatment for acute respiratory infections, including COVID-19 and influenza, through at-home testing and telehealth. Because access is often measured by visit occurrence, variation in how and when care is delivered may be overlooked. We hypothesized that telehealth access follows distinct process-based patterns. We analyzed de-identified encounters from the national HTTT program (September 2023-July 2024); 6,213 of 8,160 eligible individuals remained after exclusions for missing data. Phenotypes were derived by k-means clustering of standardized variables capturing encounter timing, modality preference, process duration, and sociodemographic and digital access attributes. Ten-day surveys assessed symptom duration and health care utilization. Three phenotypes emerged: Delayed/Disrupted Access (n = 1,537; 24. 7%), Digitally Engaged but Socioeconomically Vulnerable (n = 1,460; 23. 5%), and Mainstream Access and Efficient Utilization (n = 3,216; 51. 8%). Mean process duration differed (15. 93 [SD 3. 84] vs. 3. 69 [3. 31] vs. 2. 87 [2. 41] h; p
| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Influenza | access phenotypes |
| July | acute respiratory infection |
| Telehealth | care process |
| digital health equity | |
| telehealth | |
| telemedicine | |
| test-to-treat |
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | Respiratory Infections |
| disease | MESH | COVID-19 |
| disease | MESH | influenza |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Pentaerythritol tetranitrate |
| disease | MESH | Emergency |