Publication date: Jul 01, 2026
To characterize SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in a large community cohort, focusing on age-related differences following hybrid immunity from prior infection and vaccination. In this cross-sectional study, 1,186 adults (median age: 62 years, IQR 43-73) were enrolled from six districts in Jiangsu province, eastern China. Spike-specific immune responses including serum total antibodies (Abs), nasal secretory IgA (sIgA), memory B cells, circulating follicular helper T (cTfh) cells, and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ memory T cell subsets were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with immune responses. Compared with younger adults, individuals aged ≥65 years exhibited significantly lower levels of spike-specific serum total Abs, spike-specific memory B cells, spike-specific cTfh cells, and spike-specific CD4 terminally differentiated effector memory T (T) cells, but significantly higher levels of spike-specific CD8 T cells (all P
| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Antibodies | Aging |
| China | CD8⁺ T cells |
| Diabetes | hybrid immunity |
| Helper | memory B cells |
| SARS-CoV-2 | |
| T(EMRA) cells |
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | infection |