Publication date: Jul 03, 2026
To assess the association between COVID-19 booster vaccination and hospitalisation and/or death due to COVID-19 among adults with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). Adults with IMIDs prescribed steroid-sparing immune-suppressing drugs in Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum linked to hospitalisation and mortality records were included. Cases were hospitalised for or died due to COVID-19. Controls were risk-set matched to cases. Exposures were number of COVID-19 booster vaccinations between 16 September 2021 and 13 March 2023; receipt of autumn 2021, spring 2022, autumn 2022 boosters; and time since last booster. Multivariable logistic regression was used. Adjusted OR (aOR) and 95% CIs and adjusted vaccine effectiveness (1 – aORs cD7 100%) were calculated. We included 2178 cases and 17 750 controls (mean age 65. 5 years; 60. 2% women). Hospitalisation and/or death due to COVID-19 was negatively associated with receipt of three (aOR (95% CI) 0. 20 (0. 15 to 0. 28)), two (aOR (95% CI) 0. 29 (0. 23 to 0. 36)) or one booster (aOR (95% CI) 0. 56 (0. 48 to 0. 65), respectively, compared with no booster. The aOR (95% CI) across the booster cycles were: autumn 2021 (aOR (95% CI) 0. 40 (0. 32 to 0. 50)), spring 2022 (aOR (95% CI) 0. 52 (0. 42 to 0. 65)) and autumn 2022 (aOR (95% CI) 0. 33 (0. 25 to 0. 43)). Hospitalisation and/or death due to COVID-19 was negatively associated with booster vaccination within 365 days compared with no booster vaccination. There was no statistically significant association for boosters received more than 365 days ago. COVID-19 booster vaccination was associated with fewer hospitalisation and/or death due to COVID-19 among adults with IMIDs. These findings support regular booster vaccination in this high-risk population.
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Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | death |
| disease | MESH | COVID-19 |
| disease | MESH | included |
| disease | MESH | Autoimmune Diseases |