Publication date: Jul 08, 2026
To analyze the changes in antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in bloodstream infections (BSIs) between 2018 and 2024, and to assess temporal associations with the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 575 S. aureus and 1,014 CoNS isolates from blood cultures were retrospectively reviewed. To define true CoNS BSI, we applied clinical criteria (≥ 2 positive bottles with same species, or 1 positive bottle with clinical signs + central line + targeted therapy). Demographic characteristics and resistance rates to 15 antimicrobial agents were compared using chi-square (χ) and Mann-Kendall tests, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. CoNS infections were more common in minors (0-17 years: 31. 3%) and the elderly (≥ 80 years: 13. 7%), while S. aureus predominated in adults 18-65 years (51. 8%). CoNS exhibited higher resistance rates than S. aureus to oxacillin (75. 2% vs. 30. 5%, p
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| Concepts | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Antimicrobial resistance | |
| Bloodstream infection | |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | |
| COVID-19 | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | |
| Trend analysis |
Semantics
| Type | Source | Name |
|---|---|---|
| disease | MESH | bloodstream infection |
| disease | MESH | COVID-19 |
| disease | MESH | infections |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Oxacillin |
| disease | MESH | Infectious Diseases |
| disease | MESH | Dis |
| pathway | REACTOME | Reproduction |
| disease | MESH | included |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Ciprofloxacin |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Erythromycin |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Meticillin |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Clindamycin |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Linezolid |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Vancomycin |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Tigecycline |
| disease | MESH | community acquired infections |
| disease | MESH | strains |
| disease | MESH | TOF |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Nitrofurantoin |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Levofloxacin |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Quinupristin |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Dalfopristin |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Gentamicin |
| disease | MESH | bacteremia |
| disease | MESH | staphylococcal infections |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Folic Acid |
| drug | DRUGBANK | Coenzyme M |
| disease | MESH | neonatal sepsis |
| disease | MESH | MAE |
| disease | MESH | Ocular Infections |
| disease | MESH | Dar |